发布时间:2023-04-15 05:16:10 | 三涯网
通俗来讲,句子的哪个部分可以用名词来充当,哪个部分就可以变成相应的名词性从句,所以名词性从句就包括了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very hy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It ears that…似乎……
It hens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语:I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语:That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
《登泰山记》中有不少常考的句子和特殊句式,今天小编为大家整理了相关的内容,大家赶快来看吧!
判断句
1、当其南北分者,古长城也。/云中白若摴蒱数十立者,山也。(以上两句用固定格式“……者,……也”表示判断。判断句)
2、郦道元所谓环水也。/余所不至也。(以上两句用句末语气词“也”表示判断,主语“此”省略。判断句)
3、此东海也。(用句末语气词“也”表示判断。判断句)
4、亭东自足下皆云漫。(用副词“皆”表示判断,“皆”相当于“都是”。判断句)
定语后置句
1、今所经中岭及山巅崖限当道者(“崖限当道者”一句中,“限当道”为“崖”的定语。定语后置句)三涯网
省略句
1、与知府朱孝纯子颖由南麓登。 /与子颖坐日观亭待日出。/皆不及往。/观道中石刻。
(以上四句均省略主语代词“余”)
2、苍山负雪,明烛天南。(后一分句承前一分句省略主语:雪。“苍山”前面省略谓语:见)
3、观道中石刻,自唐显庆以来。(后一分句承前一分句省略主语:石刻。后一分句为判断句,主语是“石刻”,谓语是“自唐显庆以来”)
4、生石罅(“生”前面省略主语:树。“生”后面省略介词“于”,“于”相当于“在”)
5、复循西谷(“西谷”后面省略谓语:走)
6、余始循以入(“循”后面省略宾语代词“之”,“之”代“环水”)
7、中谷绕泰安城下(“中谷”后面省略宾语代词“之”,“之”代“水”)
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